PROJECT REPORT ON SMART ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Thing allows object to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and computer based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit. The increasing generation needs, empowered the growth of gadgets by wireless technology which includes Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification, Embedded sensors and many more. In that, IOT has grown from its commencement and now widely used. The electricity plays an important role in our life. Currently as the consumers are increasing rapidly it has become exasperating to handle the electricity necessity. The presence of electricity has become vital and so also the requisite to save the electricity loss. As the age band increases the consumer’s requirements also intensifies so in accordance with it the technology must mature. Moreover, the conventional method of power monitoring has many drawbacks like lack of real time power monitoring system for consumers, lack of alert signals when a user exceeds the daily optimum limit, difficulty faced by bill man in visiting each house for issuing the bill and so on. So we technologically advanced a system with faster and improved user interface, that is, IOT (Internet of Things). Each power meter is provided a unique identity number and is connected to the webserver via GSM module, thus making it possible for the consumers to monitor or track their usage through their individual account. In this project, we not only try to overcome drawbacks faced in the conventional method, but IoT based Electric Meter Department of Electronics & Communication, RIT 2 also implemented many other features to make it a consumer friendly scheme. This project once implemented offers a real time feedback system for the users. It has efficient storage of consumer’s usage history and provides comparison on the basis of hour, day and month which helps them to keep track of their average usage. It also gives alert signals both as SMS and e-mail to users when they exceed their daily optimum usage limits. The manual toil in the billing process by visiting every home at the end of every month is avoided here by generating monthly electricity bills automatically and sending to the registered e-mail ID. The users are provided with an online complaint registration facility, thus making the system user friendly. Users can have remote access to their power supply connection via the link provided in their dedicated account. Power connection is automatically disconnected if the bill is not paid at the end of the month. All of the above features make this system user friendly and at the same time, it also performs the basic and necessary functionalities needed by the officials thus making it a perfect one.

2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

The entire system is built with basic electronic components such as Arduino Uno, GSM Module SIM 800C, LDR(Light Dependent Resistor), resistors, JHD 162A LCD display, LEDs etc. System also uses a public server in order to provide a user interface facility. The system with all its components and their interconnection are shown by a block diagram in the figure below. The interconnection between components are shown by lines with the arrows showing the direction of dataflow between them.

Every modern power meter has a LED which is usually red in front of it. It blinks at a rate that is directly proportional to the power consumption rate of the user. Normally, in almost every power meter 3200 LED blinks is equivalent to 1 KWH unit of energy. That is, 1 LED blink is equivalent to 1/3200 KWH units of energy. This principle is being utilized in this project to find the number of units consumed by each user. A LDR, which is placed in front of the red LED in the power meter is used to count the number of LED blink. Resistance of LDR decreases when light falls on it due to ionization of charges and current flows as a result. Thus a LDR sensor gives an interrupt each time the meter LED flashes, to the programmed Arduino. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board. ATMega 328P is a low- power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on AVR Enhanced RISC architecture. A counter has been setup using Arduino to count the number of LED blinks in the existing power meter. A GSM Module has been connected to the Arduino. SIM 800C GSM Module is utilized here. SIM800 is a quad-band GSM/GPRS module designed for the global market. It works on frequencies GSM 850MHz, EGSM 900MHz, DCS 1800MHz and PCS 1900MHz.Arduino transfers serially the count number to GSM module. SIM800 is designed with power saving technique so that the current consumption is as low as 1.2mA in sleep mode. SIM800 integrates TCP/IP protocol and extended TCP/IP AT commands which are very useful for data transfer applications. The SIM used in the module being internet enabled transmits the data directly to a dedicated webpage for display anywhere in the world in multilevel graphical format. It is done by writing appropriate AT-commands in the Arduino to which the GSM Module is connected. New count is sent every 25 seconds to the webserver. IoT based Electric Meter Department of Electronics & Communication, RIT 5 A 16x2 alpha numeric LCD display is provided for users and is also connected to the controller. A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. It is used to display status of network connection of the GSM module.Once the unit has been initialized, and a network has been established it also displays the current power supply status also. The power supply to each house has been provided through a 240/5v relay which can be used to turn on or off the supply. The coil connections of the relay have been connected to two digital pins of Arduino Uno. Relay is connected in normally closed position.
This has been implemented to provide a remote access to power supply. Based on the voltage levels at the digital output pins to which relay is connected, we can control the power supply. The count value that has been send to the webserver is received and processed by a php script named ‘c.php’. The script make changes to rate, units consumed per hour, units consumed per day and many other database values. Thus the count value that is send every 25 seconds act as the backbone of this project. These changes can be observed through the website. One of the very essential element of this project is webpage which displays the basic information and announcements. A unique username and password has been given to each of the user. User can view their power consumption statistics, rate and other database values through these accounts, Moreover, they can even control their power supply connection through a link provided in these accounts. Anyone, irrespective of whether they have an account or not, has been provided with a complaint forum to file a complaint. Power supply to the entire unit is derived from the main power supply by means of an AC to DC converter which converts 240V AC to 5V DC.