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PUB210 Task 2: Problem based short answer questions,
Task 2 is regarding Modules 1 to 6. The value of each question is shown beside the question.
You should attempt to answer all ten questions and each part of each question. For answers that involve calculations, show your workings as well as your final answer. If your final answer is incorrect but aspects of your approach are correct, your answer may still attract marks. Similarly, providing your rationale for answers that do not involve calculations may attract partial marks.
Please submit your answers when completed electronically via SafeAssign. This is an individual assignment that is to be completed independently.
(a) The introduction of a new drug that cures a previously incurable but non-fatal non-communicable disease (1 mark)
iii. duration of disease
(b) The introduction of a new drug that prolongs survival but does not cure a fatal non-communicable disease (1 mark)
iii. duration of disease
(c) The introduction of a new vaccine that prevents most people from developing a disease. Vaccinated people who still develop the disease recover more quickly than unvaccinated people. (1 mark)
iii. duration of disease
(a) What was the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the men in: (1 mark)
(b) What was the incidence proportion for becoming overweight/obese in the men who were healthy weight in 2006? (1 mark)
(c) What was the incidence proportion for becoming healthy weight among the men who were overweight or obese in 2006? (2 marks)
A total of 300 guests attended the party and all were interviewed. Of these 200 had developed gastroenteritis in the 24-hour period following the party.
The number of people who ate each of the three main foods at the party is shown below.
Ate | Sick | Not sick |
Chicken | 140 | 90 |
Salad | 190 | 85 |
Coleslaw | 160 | 30 |
(1 mark)
(a) Describe the results shown in the figure. (1 mark)
(b) What type of study is this? (1 mark)
(c) How convincing are the data for evaluating whether attainment of a Bachelor degree or higher educational qualification leads to a higher income? (2 marks)
Coronary heart disease | ||
Weekly oily fish consumption | Yes | No |
< 1 meal | 125 | 175 |
> 1 meal | 75 | 225 |
(a) What study design would you use to answer the question and why? (1.5 mark)
(a) In this group, what was the odds ratio for melanoma and having freckles? Interpret this odds ratio. (2 marks)
(b) Estimate the attributable fraction of having freckles for melanoma. Interpret this estimate, including relevant assumptions. Explain why an estimate of the attributable fraction is used. (2 marks)
(a) Calculate the incidence rate of sight problems as a teenager overall and among children who had each level of screen-time as an eight to ten year-old child. (2 marks)
(b) How strong is the association between screen-time as an eight to ten year-old child and incidence of sight problems as a teenager? [Note: Assume that the results cannot reasonably be explained by the alternative explanations of bias, confounding or chance.] (2 marks)
(c) What proportion of sight problems could theoretically be prevented if all children had low levels of average daily screen time? (2 marks)
10.
(a) We conduct a study on the Sunshine Coast investigating whether high levels of community disadvantage lead to walking on average at least one hour per day. The relative risk is 1.5 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.2-1.9. Interpret this result, including the confidence interval. (1 mark)
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